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Read More:

  • Noonan, Ellen. The Strange Career of Porgy and Bess: Race, Culture, and America's Most Famous Opera (University of North Carolina Press; 2012). 

 

  • Brown, Gwynne Kuhner. “Performers in Catfish Row: Porgy and Bess as Collaboration.” Blackness in Opera, eds. Naomi André, Karen M. Bryan and Eric Saylor. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2012. 

  

  • André, Naomi. Black Opera: History, Power, Engagement. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2016. “Contextualizing Race and Gender in Gershwin’s Porgy and Bess,” pp. 85-119. 

  

  • Pollack, Howard. George Gershwin: His Life and Work. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2006. 

  

  • Hollis, Alpert. The Life and Times of ‘Porgy and Bess’: The Story of an American Classic. Knopf, 1990. 

  

  • Hutchisson, James, M.: Dubose Heyward: A Charleston Gentleman and the World of Porgy and Bess, University Press of Mississippi, 2000. 

  

  • Brooks, Daphne A. “’A Woman Is a Sometime Thing’: (Re)Covering Black Womanhood in Porgy and Bess.” Daedalus, Vol 150, No. 1, On the Novel (Winter 2021), pp. 98-117. 

  

  • Horn, David. “From Catfish Row to Granby Street: Contesting Meaning in Porgy and Bess.” Popular Music, Vol, 13, No. 2, Mellers at 80 (May 1994), pp. 165-174. 

  

  • Allen, Ray. “An American Folk Opera? Triangulating Folkness, Blackness, and Americaness in Gershwin and Heyward’s ‘Porgy and Bess.’” The Journal of American Folklore, Vol. 117, No. 465 (Summer 2004), pp. 243-261. 

  

  • Starr, Lawrence. “Toward a Reevaluation of Gershwin’s Porgy and Bess.” American Music, Vol. 2, No 2 (Summer 1984), pp. 25-37. 

  

  • Crawford, Richard. “Where Did Porgy and Bess Come From?” the Journal of Interdisciplinary History, Vol 36, No. 4, Oper and Society: Part II (Spring 2006), pp. 697-734. 

 

  • Als, Hilton. “A Man and a Woman: Porgy and Bess Reimagined.” New Yorker September 26, 2011. 

 

  • André, Noami, Karen M. Bryan, and Eric Saylor. Blackness in Opera, Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2012. 

 

  • Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. and Gene Andrew Jarrett, eds. The New Negro: Readings on Race, Representation, and African American Culture, 1892-1938. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2007. 

 

  • Johnson, Hall. “Porgy and Bess: A Folk Opera.” Opportunity 14, no. 1 (1936): 24-28. 

 

  • Standifer, James A. Porgy and Bess: An American Voice. Directed by Nigel Noble, Narrated by Ruby Dee. Films for the Humanities and Sciences, FFH 10027. Documentary film, 1997. 

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